EJOP Archives: 2006 Volume 2

nemployment has been a recurring social problem throughout the century and bringing a mental health problem. In addition to feelings of excitement and anticipation, there may also be the feelings of loneliness. Loneliness is an important personality variable. Aim of the present investigation is to know the effect of personality traits on the perception of perceived loneliness in unemployed youths. The sample consists of 200 subjects within the age group of 26-32 yrs of age drawn from district Haridwar, clear demarcations were observed in the groups of different levels of personality traits on perceived loneliness
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The word sincerity has profound connections with both religion and philosophy, in which we can find the very essence of its meaning. The need for sincerity is the need to find the truth in people, facts and the world in general. It is the desire for illumination, which motivates human existence on an intellectual and spiritual level; even though sometime such a need is revealed unconsciously or, perhaps, in a peculiar manner.
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ABSTRACT
Auditory perception may be modified by attentional mechanisms. Forward informational masking, an attentional phenomenon, was studied as a function of time and task demands. A rapid auditory presentation (RAP) task involving timbre-based streaming of to-be-attended sound signals from distractors was used to assess the report of a to-be-attended signal (Probe; “P”). The experiment consisted of a sequence of distractors alone, or following another to-be-attended signal (Target; “T”), in various conditions. Participants (29 undergraduate psychology students) were asked either to simply detect or to identify P at various Stimulus Onset Asynchronies (SOAs) after T. Learning effects were also examined. Response task was found to be irrelevant to decrements, while decrements were generally ameliorated as SOA increased, and as experience with the tasks increased. These performance decrements represent an auditory attentional blink.
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Suicides are linked to feelings of depression and hopelessness. Other factors in suicide include anxiety, drug abuse, problems in school or at work, and social problems. Aim of the present investigation is to know the differences between male and female adolescents. The sample consists of 50 (25 male and 25 female) subjects drawn from district Hardwar. The age of all subjects ranged from 15 to 18 years (mean 16.5 years) and majority of the subjects belonged to middle socio-economic status. All the tests were administered on the sample in-group setting in classrooms. Over the centuries, suicide had different meanings. Males of all the ages commit suicide at a higher rate than females although females attempt suicide more often than males. Suicide rates in India have shown a gradually increasing trend. Study reveals that male adolescents have scored significantly higher on the measures of suicidal ideation, whereas male adolescents have more psychological impairment on psychopathic deviation (Pp). There is significance gender difference on the measure of suicide ideation
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This study was conducted based on the desire of the Administration of Scholastic Activities in The State of Kuwait to evaluate the reality of the various fields of creative scholastic activities in the secondary school . The rationale underlying this study is that students’ mental maturity entails teachers with the same level of creativity and inclination to innovation in order to cope with the ever-occurring educational changes. This is important since some school administrations are still unconvinced with the educational and psychological significance of scholastic activities, and consequently they hinder the implementation of activity programs. Besides, some teachers and school activity supervisors are not specialists and funds for scholastic activities are sufficient.
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Depression has been considered to be the major psychiatric disease of the 20th century. The World Health Organization identified major depression as the fourth leading cause of worldwide disease in 1990. Recent studies have shown that greater than 20% of adolescents in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of adolescents attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression. Numerous outcome studies have documented several negative effects of depression.
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In this study, the new standard computerized version of the reading span test was used to investigate the development of verbal working memory over age. A significant higher reading span and faster reaction times were expected for the young adults compared to the old adults, based on the processing resource theory (Just & Carpenter, 1992) and the theory of cognitive aging (Salthouse, 1994, 1996), and this hypothesis was confirmed. The new methodology made it possible to test whether there was an age-related increase in intrusion errors, which could be expected based on the inhibition theory of cognitive aging (Hasher & Zacks, 1988). The results showed that older adults made more intrusion errors than young adults thereby confirming the inhibition theory. Finally, the analysis of the memory-pattern showed a clear recency-effect for the young-, but not for the old adults. Interestingly, this has never been reported in literature before. Although more research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn, this decline in recency-effect shows that there are larger age-related effects in short term memory span than was expected on the basis of aging theories so far.
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Māra Vidnere and Jānis Strautmanis Māra Vidnere Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy Imantas 7. līnija 1, Riga (Latvia) LV-1083 Tel.: + 371 7808010, Fax: +371 7 808 034 Email: mvidnere@navigator.lv Jānis Strautmanis Banking Institution of Higher Education K. … Continue reading →

Loredana Ruxandra Gherasim, Andreea Mihaela Mihalca Abstract Background: Interpersonal attraction is influenced by many factors like physical attraction, similarity or proximity. The impact of chronic illnesses on romantic relationships hasn’t been studied very deeply. Method. An experimental study was completed … Continue reading →

Abstract
The study focused on bilingualism and preparation of teachers that affected the teacher’s clarity. Twenty monolingual and bilingual participants of various preparation, in the first phase of the study, were randomly assigned to two groups: high and low preparation. Participants read the same lecture and presented it a week later. Two independent coders analyzed the lectures against the Vagueness Terms Checklist. Eighty participants in the second phase were randomly assigned to four lecturing conditions. The tape-recorded lectures, chosen in the first phase, were presented to junior undergraduate students. Students rated the lecture on an 11-item response form. Results of this study were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and post-test design. Bilingualism showed significant statistical results.
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A study was conducted on three hundred and fifty-eight Managers across the Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Care Group (JJC&PC Group) globally to assess if there are specific leadership competencies that distinguish high performers from average performers. Participants were randomly selected, then coded for performance rating, potential code, gender, functional group and regional area. More than fourteen hundred employees took part in a one hundred and eighty three question multi-rater survey that measured a variety of competencies associated with leadership performance including those commonly referred to as Emotional Intelligence. Results showed that the highest performing managers have significantly more “emotional competence” than other managers.
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This study compared work experiences, work satisfactions and psychological well-being of police officers in constable jobs across five career stages using age cutoffs. These stages were: 32 years of age or younger, 33 to 37, 38-42, 43-47 and 48 years or older. Data were collected from 466 police officers in Norway using anonymously completed questionnaires. The five career stage groups differed on personal demographic and work situation characteristics (e.g., shift schedule, police tenure) related to age. Constables in early career stages reported more favourable work outcomes, greater social support, less exhaustion and cynicism, fewer subjective health complaints and better over-all health. There were also many areas where the career stage groups were similar (e.g., job demands, job satisfaction). The findings suggest the importance of particularly responding to the needs of constables in later career stages.
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ABSTRACT
Drawing on Hofstede’s theory and research, this study examined the hypothesis that differences in cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and homogeneity/heterogeneity will influence the level of task performance and socialization.
Swedes (individualists) and Greeks (collectivists) were assigned to two separate groups. In the first phase of the experiment the two groups were homogenous – consisting of 3 participants from each of the cultures (3 Swedes, 3 Greeks). Their task was to put together a 54piece puzzle. Both homogenous groups were timed and observed separately. The next step was to bring in two heterogeneous (ethnically mixed) groups. For this purpose the size of each homogeneous group was increased to 6 participants by assigning one American, Canadian and German representative. Their task was to put together a larger, 300 piece puzzle within a certain time frame of 25minutes. Individual and group responses were measured using a fine-grained checklist. The hypotheses were: 1) Homogenous individualistic group would finish the task faster than the homogenous collectivistic group. 2) Heterogeneous individualistic group will finish the task faster than heterogeneous collectivistic group. 3) Collectivists will be more socially interactive than individualists. In this research hypotheses 1 and 3 were supported, whereas hypothesis 2 was not. The implications for future research are that individualism/collectivism and homogeneity/heterogeneity of a group may have an influence on group dynamics as it relates to task performance.
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The present study was conducted on constructivist analytical frame and it concentrated on the metaphorical representations of the HR specialists about the HR consultants and, generally, about the consultancy process. The study has been developed during January February 2005, by D&D Research, with the participation of HR-Romania. The methodology was mostly quantitative, based on the deployment of 188 questionnaires by face-to-face administration, but, also, by the respondent’s self-evaluation.
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