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August 2006
GROUP COMPOSITION AND EFFECTIVENESS
In the context of group research, group composition represents an aspect that provide to be both theoretical and practical relevant. The theoretical relevance emerges from the models of group effectiveness including group composition as central drivers of group outcomes. Furthermore, the results concerning the implications of group composition for group effectiveness are mixed and no clear pattern seems to emerge from the scientific literature, representing an intellectually challenging in this field. The research field has a major practical implication because group composition is an essential element in group design as well as in “human resources engineering” outlining ways in which managers can create effective groups or improve the functioning of their work groups. (more...)
Posted on August 2006
August 2006
Effects of Task Demands in the Auditory Attentional Blink
ABSTRACT Auditory perception may be modified by attentional mechanisms. Forward informational masking, an attentional phenomenon, was studied as a function of time and task demands. A rapid auditory presentation (RAP) task involving timbre-based streaming of to-be-attended sound signals from distractors was used to assess the report of a to-be-attended signal (Probe; “P”). The experiment consisted of a sequence of distractors alone, or following another to-be-attended signal (Target; “T”), in various conditions. Participants (29 undergraduate psychology students) were asked either to simply detect or to identify P at various Stimulus Onset Asynchronies (SOAs) after T. Learning effects were also examined. Response task was found to be irrelevant to decrements, while decrements were generally ameliorated as SOA increased, and as experience with the tasks increased. These performance decrements represent an auditory attentional blink. (more...)Posted on August 2006
August 2006
The 13th European Conference on Personality, Athens 2006
Between 22 July and 26 July took place in Athens the 13th European Conference on Personality Psychology took place at the premises of Harokopio University. Harokopio University is the newest Higher Education establishment in Greece. It has three departments: Home Economics and Ecology (since 1993), Nutrition (since 1994) and Geography (since 2000). It is a small University Campus, close to the center of Athens, with technologically advanced facilities and a beautiful garden surrounding it. (more...)
Posted on August 2006
THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSYUM: DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
Between 20 and 21 of May, in the same time with the National Conference of the Psychologists it took place in Cluj the International Symposium Developmental Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience with the participation of the renown psychologists: Dr. Charles Nelson - Harvard Medical School, USA; Dr. Nathan Fox – University of Maryland, USA; Dr. Heather Henderson - University of Miami, USA; Dr. Leslie Carver – University of California, San Diego, USA. (more...)
Posted on August 2006
August 2006
Suicide Ideation and Psychopathology Among Adolescents
Suicides are linked to feelings of depression and hopelessness. Other factors in suicide include anxiety, drug abuse, problems in school or at work, and social problems. Aim of the present investigation is to know the differences between male and female adolescents. The sample consists of 50 (25 male and 25 female) subjects drawn from district Hardwar. The age of all subjects ranged from 15 to 18 years (mean 16.5 years) and majority of the subjects belonged to middle socio-economic status. All the tests were administered on the sample in-group setting in classrooms. Over the centuries, suicide had different meanings. Males of all the ages commit suicide at a higher rate than females although females attempt suicide more often than males. Suicide rates in India have shown a gradually increasing trend. Study reveals that male adolescents have scored significantly higher on the measures of suicidal ideation, whereas male adolescents have more psychological impairment on psychopathic deviation (Pp). There is significance gender difference on the measure of suicide ideation (more...)Posted on August 2006
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOLASTIC ACTIVITIES AND CREATIVITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE STATE OF KWUAIT
This study was conducted based on the desire of the Administration of Scholastic Activities in The State of Kuwait to evaluate the reality of the various fields of creative scholastic activities in the secondary school . The rationale underlying this study is that students’ mental maturity entails teachers with the same level of creativity and inclination to innovation in order to cope with the ever-occurring educational changes. This is important since some school administrations are still unconvinced with the educational and psychological significance of scholastic activities, and consequently they hinder the implementation of activity programs. Besides, some teachers and school activity supervisors are not specialists and funds for scholastic activities are sufficient. (more...)Posted on August 2006
Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia
Depression has been considered to be the major psychiatric disease of the 20th century. The World Health Organization identified major depression as the fourth leading cause of worldwide disease in 1990. Recent studies have shown that greater than 20% of adolescents in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of adolescents attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression. Numerous outcome studies have documented several negative effects of depression. (more...)Posted on August 2006
Interview with Dr. Carol S. Kelly
Posted on August 2006
Sexual Dysfunctions
In this paper, Sexual Dysfunctions are explained in terms of DSM-IV-TR criteria. Information about prevalence and occurrence rates is specified. Phases of sexual intercourse is explicated which enhance knowledge about disorders. Physiological factors such as reproductive life cycle, urinary track infections, diabetes, cardiopathies and drug side-effects and past and current psychological conditions are explained to assess the basis of sexual dysfunctions. Influence of variables on treatment is underlined with respect to different therapeutic tools, techniques and methods. Outcome and effectiveness research support evaluated. Lastly, important aspects in the course of therapy, elements and key concepts that would be beneficial for successful outcome are discussed. (more...)Posted on August 2006
Transactional Analysis seen by a critical parent eye: Crossed transactions, reality or graphic illusion? Parallel communication
Transactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents, is a psychoanalytic theory of psychology, developed by psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s, (Berne, E. 1957) based on the study of evolution and the pathological functioning of ego states (Várkonyi F. Zsuzsa, 2003). Revising Freud's concept of the human psyche as composed of the Ego, Superego, and the Id, (Freud, S. 1900, 1977) Berne, E. (1964) postulated instead three "ego states", the Parent (P), Adult (A) and Child (C) ego states, which were largely shaped through childhood experiences. (Wikipedia, 2006) TA has four parts: the structural analysis, transactional analysis, game analysis and script analysis. (Járó Katalin, editor, 1999) (more...)Posted on August 2006
The Power of Diversity
I remember one of my lecturers telling me a few years ago that psychology is different from sciences such as physics. Not just because of the ‘is psychology a science?’ debate. But more importantly, because the field of psychology is so diverse that psychologists working in different fields simply cannot properly understand one another. (more...)Posted on August 2006